The Month of Ramadan:

The Month of Ramadan:

With some exceptions, which will be mentioned later on, Muslims are required to fast for 29 or 30 days of the month of Ramadan. The exact number depends on the appearance of the moon which may be after 29 or 30 days. Fasting commences with the new moon of Ramadzan and ends on the appearance of the new moon of Shawwal (Note by the webmaster: The tenth lunar month of the Islamic calendar). The Prophet is reported to have said: "We are a people who neither write nor do we keep account; the month is thus and thus, showing (by his fingers) once twenty-nine and again thirty" (Bu. 30:13). Another tradition says: "The Prophet mentioned Ramadzan and said, "Do not fast until you see the new moon and do not break fasting until you see it (again), and if it is cloudy, calculate its appearance" (Bu. 30:11; M. 13:2). Another says that if it is cloudy, thirty days should be completed (Bu. 30:11). To begin and end by the actual appearance of the new moon2 was the easier method for a "people who did not know writing, and did not keep account," and it is still the easier method for the vast masses living in villages and distant places, but the tradition quoted above also allows that the appearance of the moon may be judged by computation. There is however an express prohibition against fasting when the appearance of the moon is doubtful (yaum al-shakk) (AD. 14:10).

2 The actual appearance of the moon may be established by the evidence of a single man if he be trustworthy. It is related that on a certain occasion the people of Madinah were doubtful about the appearance of the new moon of Ramadan and they had decided not to fast, when a man came from the desert and gave evidence that he had seen the new moon. And the Prophet accepted his evidence and directed the people to fast (AD. 14:14).

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